Demografie: Junge Männer in der Überzahl
Der demografische Wandel hin zu einer älteren Gesellschaft und die höhere Lebenserwartung von Frauen tragen maßgeblich dazu bei, dass in Deutschland insgesamt weniger Männer als Frauen leben. In den jüngeren Altersgruppen sind dagegen die Männer in der Überzahl. Wie das Statistische Bundesamt (Destatis) anlässlich des Internationalen Männertages am 19. November mitteilt, kamen zum Jahresende 2022 hierzulande in der Gesamtbevölkerung im Schnitt 971 Männer auf 1.000 Frauen. Hauptgrund für das Geschlechterverhältnis ist der deutliche Frauenüberschuss in der Altersgruppe 65plus mit 786 Männern je 1.000 Frauen. Dagegen gibt es in den Altersgruppen bis unter 50 Jahre jeweils mehr Männer als Frauen. Am höchsten ist der Männeranteil bei den 18- bis 29-Jährigen: 1.086 junge Männer kommen hier auf 1.000 junge Frauen. Ein Grund dafür ist, dass grundsätzlich etwa 5 % mehr Jungen als Mädchen geboren werden.
Das Geschlechterverhältnis fällt regional sehr unterschiedlich aus und wird durch eine Vielzahl von Faktoren bestimmt. Fällt schon deutschlandweit der Männeranteil je nach Altersgruppe unterschiedlich aus, so zeigt sich dies auf Ebene der Bundesländer noch deutlicher. Mit Blick auf die Gesamtbevölkerung leben anteilig am meisten Männer in Baden-Württemberg mit durchschnittlich 984 Einwohnern je 1.000 Einwohnerinnen. Am deutlichsten in der Unterzahl sind die Männer dagegen in Schleswig-Holstein, wo durchschnittlich 956 Einwohner pro 1.000 Einwohnerinnen leben.
Deutliche regionale Unterschiede bei den 18- bis 29-Jährigen
Betrachtet man einzelne Altersgruppen, zeigt sich wiederum ein anderes Bild: Bei den 18- bis 29-Jährigen ist der Männerüberschuss in den ostdeutschen Bundesländern Sachsen-Anhalt (1.146 Männer je 1.000 Frauen), Thüringen (1 137 Männer je 1 000 Frauen) und Brandenburg (1.128 Männer je 1.000 Frauen) am höchsten. In der Unterzahl sind Männer in dieser Altersgruppe nur in Berlin (995 Männer je 1.000 Frauen) und Hamburg (998 Männer je 1.000 Frauen).
Mit zunehmendem Alter der Bevölkerung geht der Männeranteil zurück. Sind in der Altersgruppe der 30- bis 49-Jährigen noch in den meisten Bundesländern die Männer in der Überzahl, so trifft das bei den 50- bis 64-Jährigen nur noch auf die ostdeutschen Bundesländer Thüringen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Sachsen und Brandenburg zu. Bei der Altersgruppe 65plus weisen dann alle Bundesländer einen hohen Frauenüberschuss in der Bevölkerung auf.
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